أسباب الاحتمالات الإعرابية في تفسير البيضاوي: سورتي البقرة وآل عمران أنموذجا
Factors of Syntactic Possibilities in al-Baiḍāwi’s Exegesis: The Chapters of al-Baqarah and Āli ‘Imrān as Examples
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol29no1.530Keywords:
الاحتمالات الإعرابية, النحو, تفسير البيضاوي, أسباب الاحتمالات, سعة المعنى, syntactic possibilities, grammar, the exegesis of al-Baiḍāwi, factors of syntactic possibilities, broadness of meaningAbstract
إن تعدد الاحتمالات الإعرابية هو من باب سعة المعنى في العربية. وهو من سمات النص القرآني الذي جاء عامراً بكثير من نماذج أوجه الإعراب المختلفة لكثير من تراكيب اللغة، إذ لا تكاد تخلو آية من آياته من تلك الاحتمالات الإعرابية. والوقوف على معاني تلك الاحتمالات الإعرابية وأسبابها يحتاج إلى دقة نظر وتأمل وتحليل. وقام البحث على أسباب الاحتمالات الإعرابية وأثرها في المعنى مركزاً على هذه الظاهرة في القرآن الكريم من خلال تفسير البيضاوي. وقد اعتمد البحث بصورة عامة على المنهج النوعي (الكيفي)، وعلى وجه الخصوص على استقراء تام لنماذج عينة الدراسة من التراكيب اللغوية في الزهراوين (البقرة وآل عمران) في كتاب (تفسير البيضاوي) بما اشتملت عليه من الاحتمالات الإعرابية. وقد بلغت أربعين عينة فيها من الاحتمالات الإعرابية المختلفة ما يوقد فتيل البحث ويشعل ذهن الباحث للخروج من التنظير اللغوي إلى حيز التطبيق اللغوي. وكشفت الدراسة أن المعنى هو المهيمن والموجه لهذه الوجوه الإعرابية. فلكل وجه إعرابي معنى خاص به يؤثر في المعنى ويتأثر به. واستطاعت الدراسة أن تخرج بعدة أسباب جوهرية كانت السبب وراء ظهور هذه الاحتمالات الإعرابية وتكمن في الآتي: تعدد القراءات فلكل قراءة ما يوجهها إعراباً ومعنى، وغياب الحركة الإعرابية كذلك أسهم في تعدد الاحتمالات الإعرابية. ومن الأسباب أيضاً: الخلاف النحوي بمدارسه المتنوعة، والخلاف العقائدي بمذاهبه وفرقه، وفقدان النغمة، واشتراك أكثر من معنى نحوي في علامة إعرابية واحدة، واشتراك أكثر من معنى في كلمة واحدة، واختلاف العلماء في مفهوم أو تفسير المفردة. كل ذلك ساهم في وفرة الاحتمالات الإعرابية وتعددها.
The plurality of syntactic possibilities is of what has been related about the broadness of meaning of Arabic language. This phenomenon is one of the features of Quranic texts, all of which full of many syntactic facets in various language structures where any Quranic verses are hardly to devoid of these syntactic possibilities. Understanding the meanings of these syntactic possibilities and their causes requires due consideration, reflection, and analysis. The research sought to address factors of syntactic possibilities and their effect on meaning, focusing on the Holy Quran in light of the exegesis of al-Baiḍāwi. The research drew on a qualitative approach, and in particular, a complete induction of the study samples from the linguistic structures of al-Baqarah and Āli-‘Imrān that entail the syntactic possibilities in the exegesis of al-Baiḍāwi. There were forty different samples of syntactic possibilities identified, inspiring the researchers to shift from linguistic theorizing to linguistic application. Nonetheless, the research only analysed fifteen samples and revealed that each syntactic facet has its own meaning that affects and is affected by the meaning. The research was able to bring to the fore several fundamental reasons which affect these syntactic possibilities as follows: plurality of variant readings of the Quran, absence of syntactic diacritics, grammatical and creedal disagreement, inclusion of more than one possible grammatical meaning within a single syntactic sign, and disagreement in scholars’ opinions on the concept or interpretation of a word. These reasons contributed to the abundance of those syntactic possibilities.
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