منهج القاضي البيضاوي في التوفيق بين الأدلة وأثره في دراسة القضايا الفقهية المعاصرة
The Methodology of Al-Qadi Al-Baydawi in Reconciling Evidences and Its Impact on the Study of Contemporary Jurisprudential Issues
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol32no2.581Keywords:
Contradiction, Weighting, Al-Baidaoui, JurisprudenceAbstract
الملخص
يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة منهج البيضاوي في التوفيق بين الأدلة، وأثر هذا المنهج على آراءه في بعض القضايا الفقهية المعاصرة. تتناول الإشكالية كيفية تعامل البيضاوي مع ادعاءات وجود تعارض في الأدلة الشرعية، ومحاولة استكشاف موقفه من التعارض، ومنهجه في التعامل معها. استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي المقارن، حيث قام بمراجعة قسم التعادل والترجيح من كتاب البيضاوي، تم إسقاط منهجه على بعض القضايا الفقهية المعاصرة لاستنباط رأيه فيها ومقارنتها مع الفقهاء المعاصرين. توصل البحث إلى أن منهج البيضاوي يمثل درعًا واقيًا للفقيه، يحميه من الوقوع في التناقض في الأحكام والفتاوى. يعتمد البيضاوي أربع طرق رئيسية لدفع التعارض، وهي الجمع والتوفيق، والنسخ، والترجيح، والتساقط (التوقف)، مما يدل على منهجه المتكامل في التعامل مع الأدلة المتعارضة. يرى البيضاوي أن العمل بالدليلين معًا، عن طريق حمل كل واحد منهما على وجه يخالف الآخر، أولى من إهمال أحدهما، مؤكدًا بذلك على قيمة إعمال الأدلة الشرعية قدر الإمكان. يظهر في تحليل بعض القضايا الفقهية المعاصرة واستنباط رأي البيضاوي فيها أثر وقيمة منهجه القابل للتطبيق على المستجدات الفقهية. يوصي الباحث باقتراح آليات عملية للاستفادة من منهج البيضاوي في صناعة الفتوى المعاصرة، لضمان اتساق الفتاوى مع الأدلة الشرعية وتحقيق مقاصد الشريعة.
This research aims to study al-Baydawi's methodology in reconciling conflicting evidence and the impact of this approach on his opinions regarding certain contemporary jurisprudential issues. The research problem addresses how al-Baydawi dealt with claims of conflict in legal evidence, exploring his stance on such conflicts and his methodology for addressing them. The researcher employed a descriptive analytical comparative method, reviewing the sections on equivalence and preference in al-Baydawi's work. This methodology was applied to various contemporary jurisprudential issues to derive al-Baydawi's viewpoints and compare them with those of contemporary jurists. The study concludes that al-Baydawi's methodology acts as a protective shield for jurists, preventing them from falling into contradictions in rulings and fatwas. He relies on four main methods to resolve conflicts: reconciliation, abrogation, preference, and cessation (suspension), indicating a comprehensive approach to handling conflicting evidence. Al-Baydawi posits that working with both pieces of evidence simultaneously—by interpreting each in a way that contrasts with the other—is preferable to neglecting one, thereby emphasizing the importance of utilizing legal evidence as much as possible. The analysis of several contemporary jurisprudential issues illustrates the relevance and applicability of his methodology to current legal developments. The researcher recommends proposing practical mechanisms to leverage al-Baydawi's approach in contemporary fatwa formulation to ensure coherence with legal evidence and achieve the objectives of Islamic law.
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