KAJIAN MODEN AGAMA DI BARAT: SATU TINJAUAN HISTORIOGRAFI
Modern Study of Religion in the West: A Historiographical Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol10no1.123Keywords:
historiografi, kajian, agama, Barat, historiography, study, modern, religion, WestAbstract
Historiography is important in tracing marks and signs of change in any chronology. In a historiographical study on the Western study of religion, it is found that the birth of the modern study of religion is resulted from a complex evolution of a discipline of knowledge. The modern study of religion depicts a pattern of religious study, which stands differently from its previous antecedents. This article traces the specific character of the modern study of religion through the use of textual analysis and comparative study methods on selected texts of Western religious study. Historiographical presentation is made from reviewing the five main phases of historical development in the Western community, namely: periods of antiquity, medieval, reformation, enlightenment and modern. The specific character of the modern study of religion is the absolute dependency on the use of logic in making sense of any religious study. This specific character is supposed to be considered wisely by any Muslim researchers of religious study to avoid from being trapped in a hegemony of blindly imitating the historical baggage of the West. Different understanding and experience in the Western model of religious study is absolutely unique to the Western community. This specific character is not supposed to be absolutely learned and followed by the Muslim intelligentsia in the study of religion due to the guide from the Revelation on the integration of both sciences, Naqlī (revelation) and cAqlī (logic).
Keywords: historiography, study, modern, religion, West.
Abstrak
Historiografi atau pensejarahan adalah penting untuk menggariskan beberapa alamat dan isyarat perubahan tentang sesuatu kronologi. Dalam penelitian historiografi ilmu kajian agama (religious study) di Barat, kelahiran kajian moden agama adalah natijah daripada sebuah proses yang rumit dalam perkembangan (evolution) sebuah disiplin ilmu. Kajian moden agama ini memaparkan satu corak kajian agama yang nyata bertentangan dengan corak-corak dalam era sebelumnya. Melalui kaedah analisis teks dan kajian perbandingan kepada beberapa teks terpilih berkenaan ilmu kajian agama di Barat, artikel ini telah mengesan ciri khusus kajian moden agama. Pembentangan historiografi ini dilakukan melalui tinjauan kepada lima fasa utama perkembangan sejarah masyarakat Barat iaitu zaman purba (antiquity), era pertengahan (medieval period), era reformasi (reformation), zaman pencerahan (enlightenment period) dan zaman moden (modern period). Ciri utama kajian moden agama ini adalah bergantung secara mutlak kepada akal rasional dalam memahami kajian agama. Ciri ini perlu ditimbang dengan teliti oleh para pengkaji agama dalam kalangan Muslim untuk mengelakkan daripada terhegemoni dengan corak yang didasarkan oleh bagasi sejarah (historical baggage) masyarakat Barat. Perbezaan faham dan penghayatan ilmu kajian agama yang telah dilalui oleh masyarakat Barat adalah unik untuk mereka. Ciri khusus ini tidak keseluruhannya wajar diteladani dan diikuti oleh inteligensia Muslim dalam ilmu kajian agama kerana wahyu mengajarkan integrasi ilmu Naqli dan Aqli.
Kata kunci: historiografi, kajian, moden, agama, Barat.
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