Pengkajian Tamadun Sains Maju dan Impak Terhadap Ummah Berdasarkan Tabaqat Al-Umam

The Study of Developed Science Civilisation and Its Impact on Human Race based on Tabaqat Al-Umam

Abstract

The text Tabaqat al-Umam written by Sa‘id al-Andalusi is a major historical reference on scientific development and how the philosophy of science defines the real meaning of the knowledge term al-‘ulum. The scientific development had enabled the progress of many established human civilisations in the region of India, Persia, Chaldean, Greeks, Rome, Egypt, Arab, Andalusia and Israel during the middle until the 10th century. This study analyses the development of early civilisations as described in the Tabaqat al-Umam text. The purpose of this study is to analyse the early scientific knowledge development and how it empowered the people of the civilisation. The analysis would recommend the possible ways to enhance scientific knowledge through detailed epistemological science that covers the importance, function and its contribution in the human civilisation. The findings reveal that the intellectuals in every civilisation have excellent understanding on science that could help develop the nation and its people. The study confirms the scientific development in Andalusia has helped established the country as the knowledge centre of European region for more than 800 years. It was also proven that the people were highly literate and educated while many European countries were still struggling and under literate.

ABSTRAK

Manuskrip Kitab Tabaqat al-Umam menjadi rujukan kerana penulisan Sa‘id al- Andalusi berhubung dengan tasawwur sains dari aspek pensejarahan dan falsafah sains memberi makna sebenar terhadap istilah al-‘ulum. Malah dengan sains yang mereka bina telah memberi kesan kemajuan kepada tamadun manusia di India, Parsi, Chaldean, Yunani, Rom, Mesir, Arab, Andalusia dan Bani Israel pada abad pertengahan hingga abad ke-10. Penulisan dalam metod kajian kepustaakan ini meneliti bagaimana perkembangan sejarah awal bangsa yang disenaraikan dalam manuskrip kitab Tabaqat al-Umam. Metod kepustakaan ialah penulisan yang bertujuan untuk mengulas kajian ilmu termasuklah penemuan dan juga teori serta kaedah sumbangan mengenai sesuatu topik. Kajian juga mempunyai dua tujuan iaitu yang pertama mengenal pasti pembangunan ilmu sains terawal yang berkepentingan hasil fungsi yang pelbagai dalam masyarakat bangsa tersebut. Seterusnya tujuan kedua ialah memberi cadangan penguasaan ilmu sains melalui analisis epistemologi sains secara terperinci menerusi kajian terhadap aspek kepentingan, fungsi serta sumbangan sains dalam tamadun bangsa. Kajian mendapati golongan intelektual dalam kebanyakan tamadun bangsa yang maju mempunyai pemahaman sains sebagai ilmu yang mampu membina negara dan bangsa.