Perception of The Practice of Dhikr Among ISRA-CCRC Clients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol24no2.238Keywords:
the practice of dhikr, drug addiction, ISRAAbstract
Drug addiction cases in Malaysia are ever increasing with the majority of addicts are Malays (NADA 2017). While al-Quran explains that the prayer can restrain from illegal behaviours such as drugs abuse, little is known of how rehab centres’ clients perceive the practice of dhikr as part of their rehabilitative program. This study aims to examine clients’ perception of the practice of dhikr in ISRA (Islamic Spiritual Rehabilitation Approach) program settings. 244 Malay male respondents (61.5% single, 21-57 years-old) were randomly selected from three NADA rehabilitation centres. The practice of dhikr in this study comprised of four domains; (a) behavioural, (b) speech, (c) action, and (d) meaningfulness. Results showed that clients perceived more meaningfulness of dhikr than other domains, and that Malay drug addicts still had a high perception for the practice of dhikr. Findings showed that a higher level and understanding of dhikr practice can still be achieved by drug addicts with proper guidance and robust mechanisms. This study suggests that clients’ perception of the practice of dhikr is based on the combination of cultural, environmental and circumstantial settings.
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References
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Al-Sharqawi, ᶜUthman al-Saᶜid. (1995). Makanah al-Dhikr bayn al-ᶜIbadat. Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyyah al-ᶜAmmah li al-Kutub.
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Aliakbarzadeh Arani, Z., Biderafsh, A., & Salmani, S. (2018). The relationship of spirituality development and addiction potential among students of Qom University of medical sciences. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(4), 1107-1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0643-x
Amirafzali, Z., & Shirazi, M. (2016). On the predictive role of spiritual health and self-efficacy in addiction potential among addicts and non-addicts in Jiroft. Journal of Research on Addiction, 10(39), 79-93. http://etiadpajohi.ir/browse.php?a_id=1242&sid=1&slc_lang=en
Bakken, N.W., DeCamp, W., & Visher, C.A. (2013). Spirituality and desistance from substance use among reentering offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58(11), 1321–1339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X13494076
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Mowen, T.J., Stansfield, R., & Boman, J.H. (2017). During, after, or both? Isolating the effect of religious support on recidivism during reentry. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 34(4), 1079–1101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-017-9366-5
Polit, D.F., Beck, C.T., & Owen, S.V. (2007). Focus on research methods: Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199
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Saisunantararom, W., Cheawchanwattana, A., Kanjanabuch, T., Buranapatana, M., & Chanthapasa, K. (2015). Associations among spirituality, health-related quality of life, and depression in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: An exploratory analysis in Thai Buddhist patients. Religions, 6(4), 1249–1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel6041249
Stansfield, R. (2017). Drawing on religion in the desistance process: Paying attention to race and ethnicity. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 44(7), 927–945. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854817699438
Stansfield, R. (2018). Religion and desistance from substance use among adolescent offenders: The role of cognitive functioning. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 28(4), 350–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2071
Stansfield, R., Mowen, T.J., & O’Connor, T. (2017). Religious and spiritual support, reentry, and risk. Justice Quarterly, 35(2), 254–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2017.1306629
Stufflebeam, D.L., & Zhang, G. (2017). The CIPP evaluation model: How to evaluate for improvement and accountability. London: The Guilford press.
Thomson, R.A. (2016). More than friends and family? Estimating the direct and indirect effects of religiosity on substance use in emerging adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues, 46(4), 326–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022042616659760
Varma, M., Moore, L.S., Cataldi, J.S., Estoup, A.C., & Stewart, D.G. (2017). Religiosity and adolescent marijuana use. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(3), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1334045
Aboo Talhah (tr.). (1995). The Prayer and its Effect in Increasing Eemaan and Purifying the Soul. Birmingham: Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution.
Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan. (2017). Maklumat Dadah 2017. Kajang: Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan.
Al-Nawawi, Mahy al-din Abi Zakariya Yahya bin Sharaf. (2010). Al-Adhkar al-Muntakhabah min Kalam Sayyid al-Abrar Salla Allah ᶜalayhi wa Sallam. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith.
Al-Sharqawi, ᶜUthman al-Saᶜid. (1995). Makanah al-Dhikr bayn al-ᶜIbadat. Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyyah al-ᶜAmmah li al-Kutub.
Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah. (2002). Dhikr Allah Taᶜala: al-Mafhum wa al-Halat. Dimashq: Dar al-Maktabi.
Aliakbarzadeh Arani, Z., Biderafsh, A., & Salmani, S. (2018). The relationship of spirituality development and addiction potential among students of Qom University of medical sciences. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(4), 1107-1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0643-x
Amirafzali, Z., & Shirazi, M. (2016). On the predictive role of spiritual health and self-efficacy in addiction potential among addicts and non-addicts in Jiroft. Journal of Research on Addiction, 10(39), 79-93. http://etiadpajohi.ir/browse.php?a_id=1242&sid=1&slc_lang=en
Bakken, N.W., DeCamp, W., & Visher, C.A. (2013). Spirituality and desistance from substance use among reentering offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58(11), 1321–1339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X13494076
Cicchetti, D.V., & Sparrow, S.A. (1981). Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: Applications to assessment of adaptive behavior. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86(2), 127-137. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7315877
DiReda, J., & Gonsalvez, J. (2016). The role of spirituality in treating substance use disorders. Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry, 6(4), n.pp. https://doi.org/10.15406/jpcpy.2016.06.00365
Fleiss, J. (1981). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley.
Giordano, A.L., Prosek, E.A., Daly, C.M., Holm, J.M., Ramsey, Z.B., Abernathy, M.R., & Sender, K.M. (2015). Exploring the relationship between religious coping and spirituality among three types of collegiate substance abuse. Journal of Counseling and Development, 93(1), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2015.00182.x
Guo, S., & Metcalfe, C. (2018). Religion as a social control: A longitudinal study of religious involvement and substance use. Crime & Delinquency, 65(8), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128718787510
Hill, M.C., & Pollock, W. (2015). Was Hirschi right?: A national-level longitudinal examination of religion as a social bond. Deviant Behavior, 36(10), 783–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2014.977149
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Shams al-din Muhammad bin Abi Bakr. (n.d.). Al-Wabil al-Sayyib min al-Kalim al-Tayyib. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ᶜIlmiyyah.
Isralowitz, R., & Reznik, A. (2015). Impact of religious education and religiosity on adolescent alcohol use and risk-taking behavior. Religious Education, 110(3), 303-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2015.1039388
Jones, A.A., Webb, F.J., Lasopa, S.O., Striley, C.W., & Cottler, L.B. (2018). The association between religiosity and substance use patterns among women involved in the criminal justice system. Journal of Drug Issues, 48(3), 327-336. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022042618757208
Jules, M.A., Noh, S., Hamilton, H., Brands, B., Gastaldo, D., da Gloria, Maria, Wright, M. da G.M., Cumsille, F., & Khenti, A. (2015). Spirituality, gender, and drug use among students from one University in Barbados. Texto Contexto Enfermagem, 24(Esp), 117-124. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015001140014
M. Quraish Shihab. (2008). Wawasan Al-Qur'an tentang Zikir dan Doa. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.
Mosqueiro, B.P., da Rocha, N.S., & Fleck, M.P. de A. (2015). Intrinsic religiosity, resilience, quality of life, and suicide risk in depressed inpatients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 179, 128–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.022
Mowen, T.J., Stansfield, R., & Boman, J.H. (2017). During, after, or both? Isolating the effect of religious support on recidivism during reentry. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 34(4), 1079–1101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-017-9366-5
Polit, D.F., Beck, C.T., & Owen, S.V. (2007). Focus on research methods: Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199
Rivera, C.J., Lauger, T.R., & Cretacci, M.A. (2018). Religiosity, marijuana use, and binge drinking: A test of the moral community hypothesis. Sociology of Religion, 79(3), 356–378. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srx071
Saisunantararom, W., Cheawchanwattana, A., Kanjanabuch, T., Buranapatana, M., & Chanthapasa, K. (2015). Associations among spirituality, health-related quality of life, and depression in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: An exploratory analysis in Thai Buddhist patients. Religions, 6(4), 1249–1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel6041249
Stansfield, R. (2017). Drawing on religion in the desistance process: Paying attention to race and ethnicity. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 44(7), 927–945. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854817699438
Stansfield, R. (2018). Religion and desistance from substance use among adolescent offenders: The role of cognitive functioning. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 28(4), 350–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2071
Stansfield, R., Mowen, T.J., & O’Connor, T. (2017). Religious and spiritual support, reentry, and risk. Justice Quarterly, 35(2), 254–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2017.1306629
Stufflebeam, D.L., & Zhang, G. (2017). The CIPP evaluation model: How to evaluate for improvement and accountability. London: The Guilford press.
Thomson, R.A. (2016). More than friends and family? Estimating the direct and indirect effects of religiosity on substance use in emerging adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues, 46(4), 326–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022042616659760
Varma, M., Moore, L.S., Cataldi, J.S., Estoup, A.C., & Stewart, D.G. (2017). Religiosity and adolescent marijuana use. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(3), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1334045
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Published
2021-09-27
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Sulaiman, S., Ismail, Z. and Muhamat @ Kawangit, R. 2021. Perception of The Practice of Dhikr Among ISRA-CCRC Clients. ‘Abqari Journal. 25, 1 (Sep. 2021), 1–17. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol24no2.238.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Sallam Sulaiman, Zainab Ismail, Razaleigh Muhamat @ Kawangit
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