آراء الإمام الشافعي فى ذم علم الكلام: نظرة موضوعية في ضوء عقيدة أهل السنة والجماعة
Imam Shafie’s Views in Condemning Ilm Al Kalam: Doctrine of the Ahl Sunnah Waljama’ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol10no1.126Keywords:
Shafie, ilm al kalam, condemn, Ahl as Sunnah wa al Jama’ah, aqidah, الشافعي, علم الكلام, ذم, أهل السنة والجماعة, العقيدةAbstract
The discipline of Ilm al Kalam has become a matter of dispute since its beginning. This led the Islamic scholars to take either positive side in supporting and defending it or negative side in criticizing and condemning it. This research paper attempts to understand Imam Shafie’s stand with regard to Ilm al kalam. The research paper starts with an introduction and three chapters. Introduction illustrates the concept of Ilm al kalam and its connection to the Islamic creed. The first chapter discusses the issues related to Islamic creed and our great ancestors’ views and opinions in this regard before Imam Al Shafie. The second chapter concentrates on Imam Shafie’s attitudes towards Ilm al Kalam to clearly define which Ilm al kalam was meant by Imam al Shafie through his views on it and to know definitely whether He praised this discipline or condemned it. The third chapter solely concentrates on exempting Asharie Imams and Scholars from the negative Ilm al Kalam which was condemned by the great ancestors. In order to attain its objectives and the aimed target, this research adopts both descriptive and critical methods. Through this research paper, it is clearly understood that the direct condemnation of Imam al Shafie goes to the Greek philosophy in the metaphysical issues and to all the thoughts and schools which were influenced by Greek philosophy against the holy Quran and prophetic Sunnah. His strong opposition to those sects and his strong support to the theological views of Ahl as Sunnah wa al Jama’ah are based on Al Quran and authentic Sunnah and understood by the pure reason supported by the light of Allah almighty.
Keywords: Shafie, ilm al kalam, condemn, Ahl as Sunnah wa al Jama’ah, aqidah
ملخص البحث
إن علم الكلام منذ نشأته أصبح مثار جدل ومناقشة مستمرة إلى الآن، وقد صار العلماء بين تأييده والدفاع عنه وذمه والتنفير منه إلى فرق ومذاهب. ويدور هذا البحث -أخذا في الاعتبار ما أسلفنا ذكره- حول معرفة موقف الإمام الشافعي من علم الكلام. ويتكون هذا البحث من مقدمة لعرض مفهوم علم الكلام وعلاقته بالعقيدة وثلاثة مباحث. والمبحث الأول يتناول القضايا العقدية وآراء سلفنا الصالح فيها قبل الإمام الشافعي. والمبحث الثاني يتركز على إبراز موقف الإمام الشافعي من علم الكلام لنعرف بالتحديد أي علم الكلام كان يقصده الإمام الشافعي، ومن ثم ما إن كان الإمام من مادحيه أو ناقديه. والمبحث الثالث يختص بتبرئة الأشاعرة من علم الكلام المذموم. والبحث في تحقيق أهدافه وإنجاز مراده يعتمد على المناهج الوصفية والنقدية والمقارنة. ومن خلال هذا البحث يتبين جليا ذم الإمام الشافعي للفكر اليوناني الوافد ولكل ما تأثر به من فكر ومذاهب تصطدم مع ما تقرر من المسائل العقدية فى القرآن والسنة، وهجومه العنيف على هذه الفرق، ودفاعه الحار لما عليه أهل السنة والجماعة من عقيدة قائمة على ما جاء في القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الصحيحة وفَهِمَه العقل السليم المؤيد بنور الله.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الشافعي، علم الكلام، ذم، أهل السنة والجماعة، العقيدة.
Downloads
References
‘Abd al-Halim Mahmud. Al-Islam Wa al-‘Aql. Cairo: Dar al-Ma’arif, 1980.
‘Abd al-Karim Tatan; Muhammad al-Kilani. 1999. ‘Aun al-Murid Fi Sharh Jawharah al-Tawhid Fi ‘Aqidah Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama’ah. Beirut: Dar al-Basha’ir.
‘Ali ‘Abd al-Fattah al-Maghribi. Al-Farq al-Kalamiyyah Madkhal Wa Dirasah. Cairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 1995.
Abu al-Tayyib Muhammad Siddiq Khan Ibn Hasan. Abjad al-‘Ulum. Cairo: Dar Ibn Hazm, 2002.
Abu Hanifah al-Nu’man Ibn Thabit. Al-Fiqh al-Akbar. Emirates: Maktabah al-Furqan, 1999.
Al-Alusi, Mahmud Ibn ‘Abdullah. Ruh al-Ma’ani Fi Tafsir al-Quran al-‘Azim Wa al-Sab’ al-Mathani. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1415H.
Al-Asbahani, Abu Muhammad Abdullah Ibn Muhammad. Al-‘Uzmah. Al-Riyad: Dar al-‘Asimah, 1408H.
Al-Asbahani, Abu Na’im Ahmad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Ahmad. Hulyah al-Awliya’ wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya’. Cairo: al-Sa’adah, 1974.
Al-Asfarayini, ‘Abd al-Qahir Ibn Tahir Ibn Muhammad. Al-Farq Bayna al-Firaq Wa Bayan al-Firqah al-Najiyah. Beirut: Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah, 1977.
Al-Bayhaqi, Ahmad Ibn al-Husayn Ibn ‘Ali. Al-Asma’ Wa al-Sifat. Jeddah: Maktabah al-Suwadi, 1993.
Al-Ghazali, Muhammad Ibn Muhammad. Ihya’ ‘Ulum Addin. Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah, 2004.
Al-Iji, ‘Abd al-Rahman Ibn Ahmad. Al-Mawaqif. Beirut: Dar al-Jil, 1997.
Al-Jurjani, ‘Ali Ibn Muhammad. Al-Ta’rifat. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1983.
Al-Qushayri, ‘Abd al-Karim Ibn Hawzan. Al-Risalah al-Qushayriyyah. Cairo: Dar al-Ma’arif, n.d.
Al-Sha’rani, ‘Abd al-Wahhab. Al-Yawaqit Wa al-Jawahir Fi Bayan ‘Aqa’id al-Akabir al-Sufiyyah. Cairo: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, (n.d.).
Al-Tabari, Muhammad Ibn Jarir Ibn Yazid. Jami’ al-Bayan Fi Ta’wil al-Quran. Beirut: Mu’assah al-Risalah, 2000.
Al-Zabidi, Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Husayni. Ithaf al-Sadah al-Muttaqin Bi Sharh Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din. Beirut: Mu’assah al-Tarikh al-‘Arabi, 1994.
Hasan Mahmud al-Shafi’i. Al-Madkhal ila Dirasah ‘Ilm al-Kalam. Cairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 1991.
Ibn Abd al-Barr, Yusuf Abdullah. Jami’ Bayan al-Ilm Wa Fadluh. Al-Dammam: Dar Ibn al-Jawzi, 1994.
Ibn Hazm. Al-Fasl Bayna al-Milal Wa al-Ahwa’ wa al-Nihal. Bayrut: Dar al-Jayl, 1985.
Ibn Khaldun, ‘Abd al-Rahman Ibn Muhammad. Diwan al-Mubtada’ Wa al-Khabar Fi Tarikh al-‘Arab Wa al-Barbar Wa Man ‘Asirahum Min Zawi al-Sha’n al-Akbar. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1988.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmad Ibn ‘Abd al-Halim. Majmu’ al-Fatawa. Madinah Munawwarah: Majma’ al-Malik Fahd li tiba’ah al-Mushaf al-Sharif, 1995.
Muhammad ‘Abd al-Fadil al-Qusi. Hawamish ‘Ala ‘Aqidah al-Nizamiyyah Li Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni. Cairo: Dar al-Taba’ah al-Muhammadiyyah, 1984.
Yahya Hashim Farghal. Madkhal Ila al-‘Aqidah al-Islamiyyah (n.p.), 1985.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
