الوزير نظام الملك الطوسي وثورة التعليم السُّني لتعزيز الأمن الفكري الإسلامي في القرن الخامس الهجري
Nizam al-Mulk al-Tusi: The Sunni Educational Revolution and its impact on the Enhancement of Islamic Intellectual Security in The Fifth Century AH.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol26no1.372Keywords:
Islamic Intellectual Security, Minister Nizam al-Mulk al-Tusi, Nizamiyyah schools, Shi‘ite Tide, Religious Extremism.Abstract
This research deals with the Seljuk Minister Nizam al-Mulk al-Tusi and his efforts in protecting Islamic intellectual security and facing its challenges by addressing the establishment of Nizamiyyah schools (regular schools), as a renaissance project with the purpose to face the most prominent challenges that threatened Islamic intellectual security in the fifth century (Hijra), represented by the Shi‘ite tide and the phenomenon of religious extremism. The problem statement of this research is that intellectual security is currently threatened by religious extremism, and that it is trying to identify ways to confront it and the means that contribute to the strengthening and realization of Islamic intellectual security. The importance of the study lies in demonstrating the role of educational institutions in establishing the correct Islamic faith and reducing the spread of the phenomenon of intolerance and intellectual and religious extremism in the modern times. This research used both the descriptive historical and analytical approaches. The results of this research show that the main goal for which the Nizamiyyah schools were established is to revive the role of the Sunnah in the life of the Ummah by eliminating Shi‘ite ideas and reducing their influence and also opposing all deviant sects by promoting and renewing the scientific movement in accordance with the reality of the Islamic religion and its moderation.
يتناول هذا البحث الحديث عن الوزير السلجوقي نظام الملك الطوسي وجهوده في حماية الأمن الفكري الإسلامي ومواجهة تحدياته من خلال التطرق إلى تأسيس المدارس النظامية كونها مشروع نهضوي يواجه باستراتيجيته وأهدافه أبرز التحديات التي هددت الأمن الفكري الإسلامي في القرن الخامس الهجري متمثلة في المد الشيعي وظاهرة التطرف الديني. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان دور المؤسسات التعليمية والتربوية في ترسيخ العقيدة الإسلامية الصحيحة والحد من انتشار ظاهرتي التعصب والتطرف الفكري والديني دعما للأمن الفكري في القرن الخامس الهجري. استخدمت الباحثة المنهج التاريخي الوصفي حيث تضمن بيان الظروف الدينية والفكرية والأسباب التي دعت إلى تأسيس المدارس النظامية، وكذا المنهج التحليلي في توضيح الرؤى الفكرية والمذهبية التي أنيطت بتلك المدارس. وتظهر نتائج هذا البحث أن الهدف الأساسي من إنشاء المدارس النظامية هو تحقيق أمن فكري إسلامي من خلال إحياء دور السنة في حياة الأمة بالقضاء على الأفكار الشيعية والعمل على تقليص نفوذها ومناهضة كل الفرق المبتدعة من خلال النهوض بالحركة العلمية وتجديدها بما يتوافق مع حقيقة الدين الإسلامي ووسطيته.
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